Evidence

Articles (48)

Discovery Plans for Employment Litigation
A court’s Rules of Civil Procedure (its “Civil Rules”) empower the parties to gather evidence, including that in the control of opposing parties and reluctant witnesses. The Civil Rules do this ... applies to All States

Filing sexual harassment claims in Illinois
Victims of sexual harassment in Illinois can vindicate their right to be free from sexual harassment under Illinois law by filing a charge or claim with the Illinois Department Human Rights, with the ... applies to Illinois

Proving Unlawful Employment Discrimination
Employment discrimination comes in two forms, "disparate" (i.e., differing) treatment and disparate impact. Disparate impact describes differing treatment resulting from an otherwise neutral employmen... applies to All States

Same Actor Inference
The "same actor inference" is a defense theory based on the logic that a discriminatory employer will not hire a person in a protected class. Therefore, the logic goes, where the same person hires the... applies to Ohio

Motions to Compel and Protective Orders in Employment Litigation
The Rules of Civil Procedure ("Civil Rules") provide the parties with tools to get the facts that are in the possession of the others. If the others refuse to disclose the facts, provide documents or ... applies to All States

Evidence in Discrimination Cases
Discrimination cases turn on the employer's motive for taking an employment action, like failing to hire or firing an employee. The employee must prove that the employer's bias against people in the e... applies to All States

Interrogatories in Employment Litigation
Each case turns on its own facts. However, employment litigants rarely have all of the facts that they need to prove their claims in their possession. Instead, they must usually obtain documents and t... applies to All States

Implied Contract exception to Employment at-will
In general, under the employment-at-will doctrine, the employment relationship between employer and employee is terminable at the will of either. See At-will Employment . In Mers v. Dispatch Printing ... applies to Ohio

Depositions in Employment Litigation
Each case turns on its own facts. However, employment litigants rarely have all of the facts that they need to prove their claims. Instead, they must usually obtain documents and testimony from the em... applies to All States

How to Value Claims for Severance Negotiations
This article describes a process for employment lawyers to use to place a value on a severance pay offer. It involves identifying claims, identifying the damages associated with those claims, discount... applies to All States

Document Requests in Employment Litigation
Each case turns on its own facts. However, the parties rarely have in their possession all of the facts in a case. Instead, they must usually obtain documents and testimony from the opposing party and... applies to All States

Overview of Unlawful Employment Discrimination
Unlawful employment discrimination means adverse treatment of employees motivated by the employees' age, sex, race, creed, religion, national origin, disability, veterans status or other protected cla... applies to All States

Arizona Non-competition Agreement Law
Historically, Arizona courts viewed covenants not to compete unlawful restraints of trade. Eventually, Arizona courts began to enforce ancillary restraints on competition, such as those incident to em... applies to Arizona

Qualified Privilege Protects Florida Employers from Employee Reference Defamation Suits
An employer is presumed immune from a defamation claim for disclosing untrue information about an employee’s job performance if the untrue information is: 1. Published to a prospective employer; 2. ... applies to Florida

Preliminary Injunctions in Non-competition Cases
A preliminary injunction is a court order, issued at the beginning of a case, which preserves the relative position of the parties while the case is pending. It usually remains in effect until replace... applies to All States

Requests for Admissions in Employment Litigation
Each case turns on its own facts. However, employment litigants rarely have all of the facts that they need to prove their claims. Instead, they must usually obtain documents and testimony from the em... applies to All States

Sexual harassment by a co-worker
Sexual harassment involves: unwelcome sexual advances; requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct that is based on sex. Sexually harassing conduct is unlawful if it: adversely af... applies to All States

Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act
The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act amends the enforcement provisions of Title VII and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act to permit suits by Plaintiffs who file a charge of discrimination challengi... applies to All States

Florida Law for Employer Defamation
Suppose an employer accuses its employee of theft, and fires her for that reason. Suppose the employer then tells prospective employers who call for a reference that the employee was terminated for th... applies to Florida

Families First Coronavirus Response Act - An analysis of House Bill 6201
On March 19, 2020 the Senate passed the Families First Coronavirus Response Act to address some employment impacts of the coronavirus and COVID-19. It was a much smaller version of the Act that passed... applies to All States

Virginia Non-competition Law
Restrictive covenants are disfavored in Virginia as restraints on trade. Virginia courts will enforce restraints in non-competes only if the restraint is: reasonable in that it is no greater than nece... applies to Virginia

Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities. 42 USC 12101 et seq. A qualified individual with a disability is an individual with ... applies to All States

Arbitration of Employment Disputes
The federal arbitration act (FAA), 9 U.S.C. § 1, et seq . and Ohio’s arbitration act ORC § 2711.01 et seq. , both direct a court to stay trial of a matter that is the subject of a written arbitrat... applies to Ohio

benefit plan appeals
Enter your article here The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) applies to retirement plans and "welfare benefit" plans, e.g., disability and health plans sponsored by employers or unions.... applies to New Jersey

What is a Qui Tam?
Enter your article here SAN FRANCISCO — Swiss pharmaceutical company Novartis AG is paying $72.5 million to settle a whistleblower lawsuit accusing it of improperly billing government programs for u... applies to All States

3 Examples of How “Me too” Matters in Employment Law
Since 2017, “me too” has become an increasingly familiar term (and hashtag), one used to spread awareness of sexual harassment and assault, problems that are alarmingly widespread. By some... applies to California

What if My Former Employer Says Bad Things About Me?
Enter your article here On many occasions employees ask whether or not they have a legal claim against their former employer or employers for giving bad references or saying bad things about them. The... applies to All States

4 Misconceptions Employees Have About Harassment
Harassment remains an issue in the workplace yet many employees remain unaware of the ways it is regulated under employment laws. Employees may not know that there are different types of harassment an... applies to All States

New York Sexual Harassment Protections
What is workplace sexual harassment? Sexual harassment in the workplace covers unwelcome physical contact, demanding sexual favors for employment benefits, and hostile work environments. Hiring manage... applies to New York

How To Deal With Sexual Harassment Outside Of The Workplace
How to deal with sexual harassment outside of the workplace? It is well-settled law in California under the Fair Employment and Housing Act as well as the California Government Code § 12940(k) th... applies to All States

Work from Home Registered Nurse exempt from overtime pay
January 21, 2020 Under the Fair Labor Standards Act a registered nurse consultant worked from home, rarely interacted with her supervisors, applied her employer’s clinical guidelines while analyzing... applies to New York

Don't Be Afraid, It Can Be Better Than Court
If you are in California and are being forced into private, binding arbitration do not be afraid. I have found that it is easier to win a binding arbitration than a jury trial. The atmosphere is more ... applies to California

Dont Let Your Employer Misclassify You As An Independent Contractor
Enter your article here The Federal Government and President Obama have announced that they with the IRS will be cracking down on enforcement of employers that misclassify their employees as 1099 inde... applies to All States

3 Reasons to Get Things in Writing in Employment Law
Many people are excited at the prospect of a new job, and most do not predict it will lead to anything but income and perhaps some satisfaction at work well done. People do not usually expect for thei... applies to California

4 Misconceptions Employees Have About Harassment
4 Misconceptions Employees Have About Harassment Harassment remains an issue in the workplace yet many employees remain unaware of the ways it is regulated under employment laws. Employees may not kno... applies to All States

5 Ways Employers Can Discriminate Against Workers
5 Ways Employers Can Discriminate Against Workers Employers can, unfortunately, find different ways to discriminate against their employees. Particular classes of people and different characteristics ... applies to All States

How to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace
Do you know how to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace ? Although sexual harassment within the workplace is against the law in California, it remains a hot-button issue in the media as well as ... applies to All States

10 Mistakes Virginia Workers Compensation Claimants Need to Avoid
I have been practicing Workers Comp Law for 30 years as a Virginia Workers Compensation Lawyer and these are the mistakes I see claimants repeat again and again which often means a denial of their com... applies to Virginia

4 Factors Considered in the Creation of a Hostile Work Environment
What does it take to transform a simply annoying work environment into a sexually harassing hostile work environment? In order to answer this question, it is important to look at all of the circumstan... applies to California

5 Forms of Sexual Harassment You Didn’t Know About
1. Desire does not have to be what fuels the fire Did you know that not all forms of sexual harassment are motivated by a person’s sexual attraction to another? Under particular legislation in C... applies to All States

10 Signs You might be a Victim of Sexual Harassment at Work
1. You feel uncomfortable Sexual harassment , to a degree, is measured subjectively and takes the expression “bad vibes” to a whole new level. Although the workplace is to remain professio... applies to All States

3 Basic Points About Employee Rights You Need To Know
3 Basic Points About Employee Rights You Need To Know Have you ever wondered what would happen if you lost your job because you were in an accident and needed time off? What if a new manager was hired... applies to All States

4 Things an Employee Should Know About Filing a Disability Discrimination Claim
“You’re too slow for this job”, “people like you are lazy”, “you’re a freak”. Americans with disabilities endure all kinds of hateful treatment, but wha... applies to California

2 Ways Employers Sometimes Illegally Discriminate Against Veterans
While individuals who serve in the military often make great sacrifices for their country, many people do not seem to understand or appreciate their service. Oftentimes, veterans struggle to readjust ... applies to California

5 Disabilities that May Be Protected By Employment Law
5 Disabilities that May Be Protected By Employment Law Disability discrimination is where an employer refuses to acknowledge your impairment as a disability and treats you adversely based on your disa... applies to California

5 Ways to Avoid Conflict When You Take a Leave of Absence
Injuries, illnesses, family emergencies, and accidents happen but what if it happens to an employee? Employees in California do have rights when it comes to a leave of absence for particular reasons. ... applies to California

Employment Law Topics

Employment Law FAQs

Evidence